Here's a link that will show and explain all the different shot types you can use when filming!
Extreme long shot- Also known as the establishing shot. This clues the audience in on the location of the film and maybe allows them to get a basic opinion on what sort of genre the film is going to be. Usually there will be someone (a character) walking in the distance to show a minor relationship between the location and the character.
Long Shot- This shot give use a closer look at the character themselves and a full shot of their body showing us how they are feeling.
Mid-shot- This gives the audience a closer look at the features of the character. Like the long shot it gives us an incite into how the character is feeling but the detail it far greater. The close up shot is usually from the hips upwards.
Over the shoulder shot- The over the shoulder shot can be used when two or more characters are talking and establishes where the characters are and yet again shows how they are feeling with more detail.
Two person shot- The two person shot is exactly what it says on the tin. Its a bit like the mid-shot just with two people in the shot rather than one. The allows the subject (characters etc) to share similar stage presence.
Close up shot-This shot is used to show an important facial expression that clearly shows how the character is feeling. It can also be used to focus in on a certain item that is vital for the audience to see, maybe a document or a murder weapon!
Extreme close up This is a very detailed shot that focuses in on a certain feature. For instance in your western films you can almost guarantee there is a close eye shot of two characters during the shoot out scenes!
When using camera shots, directors and the film crews don't just do shots for any old who har, they've always got a purpose, a meaning behind why they have been used.
